Abstract:
Imaging arterial mechanical properties may help diagnose vascular disease. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) measures arterial stiffness and cardiovascular mortality. PWI is a high-resolution method for imaging pulse wave propagation.
We present adaptive PWI, a method for automatically partitioning heterogeneous arteries into segments with the most homogeneous pulse wave propagation for more accurate PWV estimation. A soft-stiff silicone phantom validated this method. The interface’s mean detection error was 4.67 ± 0.73 mm and 3.64 ± 0.14 mm in the stiff-to-soft and soft-to-stiff pulse wave transmission directions, respectively.
This method monitored atherosclerosis in mouse aortas in vivo (n = 11). After 10 weeks of high-fat diet (3.17 ± 0.67 m/sec compared to baseline 2.55 ± 0.47 m/sec, ) and 20 weeks (3.76 ± 1.20 m/sec), the PWV increased.
The number of imaged aorta segments monotonically increased with high-fat diet duration, indicating arterial wall property inhomogeneity. Adaptive PWI was tested in aneurysmal mouse aortas in vivo.
The mean error for aneurysmal boundaries was 0.68 mm. Finally, in vivo feasibility was demonstrated in healthy and atherosclerotic human carotid arteries (n = 3 each). Thus, adaptive PWI detected stiffness inhomogeneity early and tracked atherosclerosis progression in vivo.
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